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2022年度义务教育课程新标准学习体会(全文)

发布时间:2022-06-25 08:35:03 来源:网友投稿

下面是小编为大家整理的2022年度义务教育课程新标准学习体会(全文),供大家参考。希望对大家写作有帮助!

2022年度义务教育课程新标准学习体会(全文)

义务教育课程新标准学习体会3篇

义务教育课程新标准学习体会篇1

义务教育课程设置标准


综合实践活动主要包括:
信息技术教育、研究性学习、社区服务与社会实践以及劳动与技术教育。

班团队课、生命安全教育、心理健康教育在地方与学校课程中开设。

按教育部文件规定,小学一二年级每周开设一节科学课。

2017年秋季学期,一年级每周开设一节科学课;
二年级按原设置保持不变。

2018年秋季学

期按此设置开课。如教育部或者省教育厅有新的规定,按上级文件规定执行。

义务教育课程新标准学习体会篇2

义务教育课程标准

《义务教育课程标准(2011年版)》解读(一)

李冰

坚持德育为先 体现时代特征

全面实施素质教育,必须坚持德育为先,修订后的义务教育课程标准结合学科特点和学生的年龄特征,进一步加强了德育。一是各学科把落实科学发展观、社会主义核心价值体系作为修订的指导思想,结合学科内容进行了有机渗透;二是进一步突出了中华民族优秀文化传统教育,如语文课程专设了书法课,数学建议将《九章算术》列为教材内容,历史增加了传统戏剧等内容;三是进一步增强了民族团结教育的针对性和时代性根据我国多民族的基本国情,按照社会主义和谐社会的总体要求,在原有民族团结教育内容中更加突出了“民族交往、交流、交融”和“共同发展”的内涵;四是强化了法制教育的内容。

突出民族文化 创新课程内容

单就《语文课程标准》23次提到民族文化。如“义务教育阶段的语文课程,应使学生初步学会运用祖国语言文字进行交流沟通,吸收古今优秀文化,提高思想文化修养,促进自身精神成长。” “认识中华文化的丰厚博大,汲取民族文化智慧。关心当代文化生活,尊重多样文化,吸收人类优秀文化的营养,提高文化品位。”“教材要注重继承与弘扬中华民族优秀文化和革命传统,有助于增强学生的民族自尊心和爱国主义感情。”《全日制义务教育语文课程标准》要求学生背诵古今优秀诗文,包括中国古代、现当代优秀诗文。语文课程专设了书法课,数学建议将《九章算术》列为教材内容,历史增加了传统戏剧等内容;

课程内容及时反映了新时期我国经济社会发展的新成就。如历史增加了“十六大以来的新成就”。如物理增加了与“宇宙探索”“我国载人航天事业”“新能源”等有关知识。一些学科结合学科特点,把我国社会发展中出现的一些现实问题作为课程内容,引导学生进行科学判断。如化学把“婴儿奶粉中的蛋白质含量”“臭氧空洞和臭氧层保护”等有关知识列入了课程内容。同时,为了使母语教育符合不同年龄阶段孩子的特点,修订后的语文课程标准对小学低、中年级适当减少了写字量,高年级相应增加了写字量。

学科难度降低 力争实现减负

本次课程标准修订从儿童身心发展的特点和需要出发,科学合理地安排课程容量和难度。在课程容量控制上,大部分学科进一步精选了内容,减少了学科内容条目。在课程难度控制上,有些学科直接删去了过难的内容;有些学科降低了一些知识点的学习要求,从“认识”和“理解”调整为“了解”;有的学科对难度较大又不宜删除的内容,以“选学”方式处理,既增加了课程弹性,也控制了难度;还有些学科按照学生的认知特点,适当调整了不同学段的课程难度,使梯度要求更加清晰,更好地体现了循序渐进的原则。

坚持能力为重 强调能力培养

一是进一步丰富了能力培养的基本内涵,如数学课程把传统的“双基”目标发展为“四基”,增加了“基本活动经验、基本思想”的新要求;二是进一步明确了能力培养的基本要求,如针对教师反映对“探究学习”指导有困难的问题,提炼了“探究学习”的基本步骤和一般方法,以加强对能力培养的指导;Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

三是理科课程强化了实验要求,如物理明确列出了学生必做的20个实验,化学要求学生独立完成8个实验。以加强动手能力的培养。

语文课程标准面貌变化

课程标准的各个部分都有不同幅度的修订。如“前言”部分中,导言是全新的,课程性质的表述也有重要的补充,正面回答了语文课程是什么的问题,四条基本理念没有变化,但文字表述略有修改,设计思路有较多的修改。再如“课程目标”部分,现称为“课程目标与内容”。还有“实施建议”部分,增加了许多具体的建议,包括评价建议。“附录”中优秀诗文背诵推荐篇目略有调整,整体数量增多了15篇,课外阅读着力于社会主义核心价值体系的渗透,增加了《革命烈士诗抄》、《红岩》等宣扬革命传统的书目;增加了两个字表:一是《识字、写字教学基本字表》,一是《义务教育语文课程常用字表》。

明确语文课程基础任务

明确语文课程的基础任务在于语言文字能力的培养。在“前言”部分多次强调“语文课程致力于培养学生的语言文字运用能力,提升学生的综合素养;为学生形成正确的世界观、人生观、价值观,形成良好个性和健全人格打下基础;为学生的全面发展和终身发展打下基础”。在“课程性质”和“课程基本理念”中又多次指出语文课程要培养学生正确运用祖国语言文字的能力。

强调传统语文的重要性

新修订课标“基本理念”部分在提出建设“开放而有活力的语文课程”的同时,特别指出“语文课程应继承语文教育的优良传统”。在后面的“课程设计思路”部分,再次强调语文课程要“继承我国语文教育的优良传统,汲取当代语文教育的精髓”。

强调语文教学多读多写

在“前言”部分两次指出语文课程要注重引导学生多读书多积累。在后文的“课程目标”和“教学建议”中又多次进行了强调,并要求在“重视培养学生广泛的阅读兴趣,扩大阅读面,增加阅读量”的同时,要“提高阅读品位”。

阅读教学提出明确要求

“教师应加强对学生阅读的指导、引领和点拨,但不应以教师的分析来代替学生的阅读实践,不应以模式化的解读来代替学生的体验和思考;要善于通过合作学习解决阅读中的问题,但也要防止用集体讨论来代替个人阅读。„„但要防止逐字逐句的过深分析和远离文本的过度发挥。”

优秀诗文背诵增加20篇

语文“新课标”要求学生九年课外阅读总量须达400万字以上,而推荐背诵的优秀篇目则有135篇。小学75篇,初中61篇。小学背诵篇目都是诗歌,初中的篇目初诗歌外,也选入了一些短篇散文。单就数目而言小学多了5篇,中学多了11篇,但旧课标中有些删除,总共调整篇目小学为6篇,中学为14篇。

Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

小学增加了汉乐府《长歌行》、贺知章《回乡偶书》、韦应物《滁州西涧》、韩愈《早春呈水部张十八员外》、曾几《三衢道中》、朱熹《观书有感》。

中学增加了汉乐府《十五从军征》,北朝民歌《木兰辞》,陈子昂《登幽州台》,崔颢《黄鹤楼》,白居易《卖炭翁》,李清照《渔家傲》,辛弃疾《南乡子》,秋瑾《满江红》,《庄子》一则(北冥有鱼„„亦若是则已矣);《礼记》一则(虽有佳肴);《列子》一则(伯牙善鼓琴„„吾于何逃声哉,);陶弘景《与谢中书书》,张岱《湖心亭看雪》,纪昀《河中石兽》。

写字量调整要写毛笔字

低年级会写字数量要求减少。“旧课标”要求中小学生在义务教育阶段认识3500个汉字,一二年级学生写字要求为800—1000字,三四年级学生会写2000个汉字。而在“新课标”中,对于义务教育阶段学生认字要求维持不变,仍然要求认识常用汉字3000个左右,会写其中2500个。新课标中删减的几百个“会写汉字”,大多为不常用的生僻字,删减的本意在于让学生减负,减少“死记硬背”的负担。

根据“旧课标”的要求,小学一到三年级着重培养学生硬笔书写能力,先要能使用硬笔熟练地书写正楷字,从三年级开始,过渡到硬笔软笔兼学。而在这次公布的“新课标”中,对三到九年级的学生则提出了“兼修毛笔”的新要求。“新课标”明确,三到四年级的学生除了能用硬笔熟练书写正楷字,还要用毛笔临摹正楷字帖。五到六年级学生能用毛笔书写楷书,而七到九年级的学生,能够临摹名家书法,体会书法的审美价值。

提出了具体的教学建议

如关于语文教学中的语法修辞。新修订课标在教学“具体建议”中增加了“关于语法修辞知识”的说明,指出“在教学中应根据语文运用的实际需要,从所遇到的具体语言实例出发进行指导和点拨”;“要避免脱离实际运用,围绕相关知识的概念、定义进行“系统、完整”的讲授与操练”。在“评价建议”中,指出“词法、句法等方面的概念不作为考试内容。”

如关于综合性学习。在强调综合性学习设计跨领域的同时,“也应以提高学生语文素养为目的。”如关于学生作业。课标要求“改变机械、粗糙、繁琐的作业方式,让学生在语文实践中学习语文,学会学习”。如关于写作教学,特别指出“要善于将读与写、说与写有机结合”,加强平时练笔指导。

对即将在2012年秋启用的义务教育新课标,教育部有关负责人2月7日表示,中小学课程难度整体降低,学生德育和创新能力将得到强化。教育专家认为,新课标实施后,将改进评价方式和方法,北京市中考难度也有望降低。

减负:大部分学科“瘦身”

教育部负责人强调,本次课标修订明确提出坚持减轻负担,控制课程容量和难度。大部分学科精选了内容,减少了学科内容条目。

在课程难度控制上,有些学科直接删去了过难的内容;有些学科降低了一些知识点的学习要求,从“认识”和“理解”调整为“了解”;有的学科对难度较Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

大又不宜删除的内容,以“选学”方式处理,既增加了课程的弹性,也控制了难度;还有些学科按照学生的认知特点,适当调整了不同学段的课程难度,体现循序渐进的原则。

对备受关注的语文课标写字量的调整,有关负责人明确,整个小学阶段识字写字总量保持不变,仍然要求认识常用汉字3000个左右,其中2500个会写。只是低、中年级适当减少了写字量,高年级相应增加了写字量。

教育部有关负责人表示,今后义务教育将以课程标准为依据确定科学的评价标准,改进评价方式和方法。教育专家预测,中小学课程难度整体减轻,教育减负有望实现。

新颖:课程内容与时俱进

由于现行课本中部分内容相对陈旧,很多中小学生都有“距离感”,有专家直指课本内容与时代脱节现象很严重。新课标突出了课程的时代性,更加关注现代社会和科技发展的新成果,课程内容的与时俱进,让孩子们所学的知识与所感受到时代的变化相符。

据介绍,新课标及时反映了新时期我国经济社会发展的新成就、科技进步新成果等。如历史增加了“十六大以来的新成就”,物理增加了与“宇宙探索”、“我国载人航天事业”、“新能源”等有关知识。

一些学科结合学科特点,把我国社会发展中出现的一些现实问题作为课程内

婴儿奶粉中的蛋白质含量”、“臭氧空容,引导学生进行科学判断。如化学把“

洞和臭氧层保护”、“常见的食品添加剂”等有关知识列入了课程内容。

亮点:德育+实践

新课标与此前最大的不同还不在内容的更新,强调德育为先,坚持推进素质教育,坚持能力为重、知行结合,被视为此次修订课标的最大亮点。

除了将科学发展观、社会主义核心价值体系与学科内容有机结合外,新课标还突出了中华民族优秀文化传统教育。例如,语文课程专设了书法课;数学建议将《九章算术》列为教材内容;历史增加了传统戏剧等反映我国传统文化的内容。新课标特别强化了民族团结教育和法制教育的内容。

教育部有关负责人表示,我国中小学生创新精神和实践能力的培养比较薄弱。新课标特别强调能力培养。如数学课程把传统的“双基”目标发展为“四基”,增加了“基本活动经验、基本思想”的新要求。为教师提炼了指导学生“探究学习”的基本步骤和一般方法。物理科课程强化了实验要求,明确了学生必做的20个实验,化学科课程要求学生独立完成8个实验。

评审:154位专家票决新课标

Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

新课标的出台,可谓慎之又慎。教育部负责人介绍,从2003年开始,有关部门对包括教师、学生、家长在内的11。7万人进行了调查,教育部组织了172位专家组成的新课标修订组。89位人大代表和政协委员及多家出版社提出了新课标修订意见。

“新课标最后的审议组由154位专家组成,包括20余名两院院士和著名学者。”教育部有关负责人透露,为了保证课程标准修订结果的科学、适宜,专门设计了严格的审议程序,最终出炉的学科课程标准都经过了审议组投票表决的程序。(王东亮)

Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

《义务教育化学课程标准(2011版)》解读

2001年印发的义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)〔以下简称《标准(实验稿)》〕,在十年的改革实践中,得到了广大一线教师的认可。《标准(实验稿)》的具体内容和实施效果得到了高度认同。集中体现在以下几个方面:一是化学教学内容贴近学生的生活和社会发展实际;二是科学探究已走进初中化学课堂;三是学生“讲、记、背、练”的机械学习方式发生了根本性的变革;四是学生对化学学习的兴趣有所增强;五是化学学习评价方式趋向多元化,更关注学生学习的过程;六是初中化学教师在新课程理念指导下,专业素养和实践能力整体上均有所提升。

然而,由于《标准(实验稿)》的制定,受制于当时对我国中学化学教学现状认识的局限性,再加之通过10年的实践证明,《标准(实验稿)》中的部分内容,已不适应当前初中化学新课程教学改革的需要。此因,教育部组织专家对《标准(实验稿)》进行了修订。形成了《义务教育化学课程标准(2011版)》〔以下简称《标准2011版》〕。本次修订的重点放在如何应对国际科学教育改革和我国新时期对人才培养的要求上,着力提升初中学生的科学素养,提高他们的学习能力和创新能力。

一、修订的依据和原则

(一)修订的具体依据:

1.充分肯定义务教育化学课程改革的方向。对实验区教师的调查表明,经过多年的实践,广大初中教师高度认同《标准(实验稿)》,对标准的具体内容和实施效果总体是很满意的。

2.高度重视科学探究对学生发展的重要作用。教师在理论和实践的结合上,进一步认识到科学探究是化学课程改革的重要突破口,是培养学生科学素养的有效途径。

3.密切关注化学与社会发展的关系。此次修订试图整合“集中与分散编排”内容的方式。在内容点的分布上,社会性知识大致控制在20%以内,以免影响化学学科核心知识的建构。

4.力求减轻义务教育化学课程的学习负担。通过对若干国家教材内容“学习难度”的国际比较发现,我国目前的初中化学教材“学习难度”处于中等略偏上的水平。与《大纲》相比,《标准(实验稿)》中的只是要求已有较为明显的下降,但仍存在进一步降低的空间与可能。

(二)修订的基本原则:

1.从未来社会对公民科学素养的要求和义务教育化学课程发展的国际趋势出发,进一步审视学生发展所需的化学核心知识、过程方法和创新能力,立足科学素养,对课程标准进行修订。

2.不扩充内容、不提高要求。适当降低某些条目要求(如从“了解”降为“知道”),对开放性较大的某些内容加以一定的限制,并修改了有关“活动与探究”条目,化学用语和定量计算仍然维持在低水平的要求上,并在教材编写建议中阐明内容组织必须符合学生的思维发展水平,以保证课程标准与教材内容之间保持较好的“一致性”。严格控制课程内容的容量和难度。

3.保持《标准(实验稿)》原有结构和基本框架不变。

4.修订坚持突出义务教育化学课程的基础性和启蒙性,倡导科学探究的学习方式,密切结合化学与社会生活的联系,让学生充分感受和领悟化学学科的价值。

Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

5.高度重视地区差异,认真对待各地提出的修改意见和建议。

6.针对实验中的经验和问题,提炼指导性意见或问题解决策略,增强课程标准的实用性和指导性。

7.增加教学案例和评价案例,关注可操作性,加强对义务教育阶段化学课程的指导性。

二、修订的具体内容

(一)对第一部分“前言”的修订

1.对“导言”的修订。

主要是对表述的角度和方式进行了修改。明确阐述了化学学科的发展以及化学教育面临的时代挑战、改革与发展的趋势,阐明了化学教育对于促进学生发展的独特作用和深远意义。对“化学”概念的阐释更科学,《标准(2011版)》中明确指出:“化学是在原子、分子水平上研究物质的组成、结构、性质及其应用的一门基础自然科学,其特征是研究物质和创造物质”。《标准(实验稿)》的描述则是:“化学是自然科学的重要组成部分,它侧重于研究物质的组成、结构和性能的关系,以及物质转化的规律和调控手段”。修订后的描述抓住了分子、原子这两个核心概念,更贴近化学学科的本质属性。在“前言”的阐述中,有许多地方加强了语言的科学性和针对性,如《标准(2011版)》中表述“化学不仅与公民的日常生活密切相关,也是材料科学、生命科学、信息科学、环境科学和能源科学等现代科学技术的重要基础”,将实验稿中的“能源危机、环境危机和粮食危机”改成“能源危机、环境污染、资源匮乏和粮食供应不足”等,在表述中新增加了“义务教育阶段的化学教育,要激发学生学习化学的好奇心,引导学生认识物质世界的变化规律,形成化学的基本观念„„,理解科学的本质,提高学生的科学素养。”并将它纳入义务教育阶段化学教育的发展目标,充分体现了我国对21世纪人才培养与要求的新视角。

2.对“课程性质”的修订。

“课程性质”的阐述对义务教育阶段化学课程的发展方向、培养目标以及在科学教育中的地位与作用进行了准确定位。《标准(2011版)》对“课程性质”的表述发生了较大的变化,不仅在内容上进行了重新的布局和整合,而且对表述的次序也进行了调整,并从以下三个方面对“课程性质”进行了阐述:

第一,义务教育阶段的化学课程应体现基础性,为学生的发展奠定必要的基础;

第二,在教学中创设以实验为主的科学探究活动,提高学生的科学探究能力;

第三,引导学生初步认识化学与环境、资源、人类健康等方面的联系,在实践中不断培养学生的创新意识。

修订后的“课程性质”表述显得思路更清晰,层次更分明,目标更明确。值得一提的是,“课程性质”内容中还增加了“加强化学实验教学,发展学生的科学探究能力”一项内容,更加突出了化学学科的特点和化学实验的地位与作用。修订后的“课程性质”突出化学课程三方面的功能,即课程的启蒙性和基础性,化学实验对学生科学探究能力的影响,化学学习对学生情感态度价值观的发展作用。阐述更加全面和科学。

3.对“课程的基本理念”的修订。

《标准(2011版)》将实验稿中的“基本理念”改成“课程的基本理念”,同样从六个方面阐述了义务教育阶段化学新课程的基本理念,只是对个别地方进行了修改和调整。如在“1”中将“让每一个学生以轻松愉快的心情去认识多姿Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

多彩、与人类息息相关的化学”改成“使每一个学生以愉快的心情去学习生动有趣的化学”,增加了“培养终身学习的意识和能力,树立为中华民族伟大复兴和社会进步而勤奋学习的志向”;在“3”中将“让他们在熟悉的生活情景中感受化学的重要性”改成“让他们在熟悉的生活情景和社会实践中感受化学的重要性”;在“4”中增加了“„培养学生的创新精神和实践能力”;在“5”中增加了“为学生创设体现化学、技术、社会、环境相互关系的学习情境„”等。

4.对“课程设计思路”的修订。

《标准(2011版)》将以前的“设计思路”改成“课程设计思路”,整个构思和框架没有发生大的变化。同样从六个方面阐述了课程的设计思路,在内容的表述方式和表述次序上进行了适当的调整和修改,显得层次更分明,思路更清晰。

如表述“5”中增加了“生动地进行爱国主义教育,增强学生的社会责任感”。

(1)“认知性学习目标的水平”行为动词增加了“懂得”和“简单计算”;

(2)将实验稿中“技能性学习目标的水平”行为动词化繁为简,以“模仿操作、初步学习”、“独立操作、初步学会”两个层次呈现;

(3)“体验性学习目标的水平”行为动词分别增加了“经历”、“认同”和“内化”。

(二)对第二部分“课程目标”的修订

课程目标是课程体系的基本要素之一,是实现课程宗旨的重要保证。《标准(2011版)》中“课程目标”的构建框架和基本思路均未进行大的改变,仍然以“知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度价值观”三维课程目标呈现,个别内容在表述上进行了修订。

1.在课程总目标中增加了“培养学生的民族自尊心、自信心和自豪感,引导学生学会学习,学会生存,能更好地适应现代生活”。

2.在“过程与方法”目标中,将“能提出问题,进行初步的探究活动”改成“能进行简单的探究活动,增进对科学探究的体验”。

3.在“情感态度价值观”目标中,增加“增强安全意识”、“可持续发展观念”、“敢于质疑”等重要观点。

(三)对第三部分“课程内容”的修订

将标题“内容标准”改为“课程内容”,整体建构思路和框架保持不变,五个一级主题没有变化,知识在原18个二级主题的基础上增加了一个二级主题。即在“科学探究”主题中增加了“完成基础的学生实验”这一二级主题,共有19个二级主题。

1.强化了“科学探究”的功能。

(1)“科学探究”主题的内容和目标要求更为具体和明确。“(二)发展科学探究能力”中,8个科学探究要素的名称没有变,但在科学探究要素中的5处内容在表述上进行了修订,删除了1处内容,使得科学探究要素的语言表述更具有科学性、针对性和实用性(详见表1)。

表1:《标准(2011版)》在科学探究要素与表述方面的变化

要素 《标准(实验稿)》 《标准(2011版)》

进行实验 2.能顺利的完成实验操作 2.能独立地或与他人合作进行实验操作

收集证据 1.具有较强的实证意识

4初步学会运用调查、资料查阅等方式收集解决问题所需要的证据 1.认识Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

收集证据的重要性

4.初步学会运用调查、资料查阅等方式收集证据

解释与结论 4. 初步学会通过比较、分类、归纳、概括等方法认识知识之间的联系 3. 初步学会通过比较、分类、归纳、概括等方法逐步建立知识之间的联系

删除了原2.能依据一定的标准对物质及其变化进行简单的分类。

“(三)学习基本的实验技能”中,有三处内容在表述上进行了修改,表述中增加了“化学实验应高度关注安全问题,避免环境污染”,强化“实验安全”和实验中的“环境保护”意识。在实验技能方面增加了“4.初步学会用酸碱指示剂、pH试纸检验溶液的酸碱性”这一基本的化学实验技能。

新增“(四)完成基础的学生实验”,不仅明确提出“教师应结合具体的教学内容和学习实际,积极创造条件,组织学生开展化学实验活动,而且还规定应安排和组织学生至少完成8项实验”(1.粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除;2.氧气的实验室制取与性质;3.二氧化碳的实验室制取与性质;4.金属的物理性质和某些化学性质;5.燃烧的条件;6.一定溶质质量分数的氯化钠溶液的配制;7.溶液酸碱性的检验;8.酸、碱的化学性质;),这是在教学实践层面上的最大变化。学生自己动手做实验,亲身经历、感受实验和探究过程,这在化学教学中具有不可替代的意义和价值,教师应把对化学教学的基本认识统一到“没有化学实验和科学探究的教学不是真正意义上的化学教学”上来。

(2)增强科学探究学习实例内容的准确性和指导性。

“有关科学探究学习的实例”部分,删去了难度较大的活动探究案例,例如:原“例3空气中二氧化碳的含量会改变吗,”并对“例1微粒的运动-烧杯中的溶液为什么会变红”、“例2反应前后各物质的质量总和是否发生变化”和“例3(原例4)怎样防止自行车棚锈蚀”进行了修改和整合,使探究活动的三个实例的表述更为科学、严谨,探究思路更加清晰,探究步骤更为具体明确,对初中化学新课程中的探究实验教学更具有指导性、示范性和可操作性。

(3)删去部分“活动与探究建议”的内容,降低一些实验的要求。

删去了一些操作难度较大的实验。包括主题二(二)中的“?观察在水中加入少量盐后凝固点和沸点的变化”、“?用简单的方法将衣料上沾有的油污等洗去”;主题三(一)中的“?分离氯化钠固体与铁粉组成的混合物”;主题四(二)中的“用实验证明:?铁粉和硫粉混合加热生成了新的物质”、“?观察并记录实验现象:氯化铜溶液用石墨电极通电分解;在加热条件下氢气与氧化铜反应”。降低了一些“活动与探究建议”实验活动的要求(详见表2)。

表2:《标准(2011版)》降低要求的实验

主题(单元) 《标准(实验稿)》 《标准(2011版)》

二(一) ?协作设计并完成实验:探究空气中二氧化碳相对含量的变化。

?实验探究:呼出的气体中二氧化碳相对含量与空气中二氧化碳相对含量的差异。

二(四) ?使用pH试纸测定唾液、食醋、果汁、肥皂水、雨水和土壤溶液等的酸碱性 ?使用pH试纸检验唾液、食醋、果汁、肥皂水、雨水和土壤溶液等的酸碱性”

二(四) ?当地农村常用化肥的鉴别 ?常用铵态氮肥的检验

四(一) ?设计实验推断孔雀石(或碱式碳酸铜)分解的产物 ?设计实验证明加热碱式碳酸铜有新物质生成

四(一) ?观察硫酸铜溶液(或二氧化锰)对过氧化氢分解反应快慢的影Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

响 ?观察二氧化锰、硫酸铜溶液对过氧化氢分解反应的影响

(4)增加少量的“活动与探究建议”,加强实验的针对性。主题四(二)中增加:?实验:镁条燃烧、高锰酸钾加热分解;?设计实验证明:氢氧化钠与盐酸能发生化学反应。

2.进一步明确基础知识的学习要求

《标准(2011版)》对一些基础知识和基本技能的要求做了更为准确、具体的描述,有的将综合的内容分条目具体阐述,有的对学习内容做了一定的限制,使学习的目标更为明确,符合学生的认知特点(详见表3)。

表三:《标准(2011版)》进一步明确要求的课程内容

主题(单元) 《标准(实验稿)》 《标准(2011版)》

二(一) 2. 知道氧气、二氧化碳的主要性质和用途 2.能结合实例说明氧气、二氧化碳的主要性质和用途

二(二) 3. 认识溶解现象,知道水是最重要的溶剂,酒精、汽油等也是常见的溶剂 3.认识溶解现象,知道溶液是由溶质和溶剂组成的

4. 知道水是最重要的溶剂,酒精、汽油等也是常见的溶剂

二(二) 6. 初步学会配制一定溶质质量分数的溶液 7.认识溶质质量分数的含义,能配制一定溶质质量分数的溶液

二(四) 1. 知道常见酸碱的主要性质和用途,认识酸碱的腐蚀性 1.认识常见酸碱的主要性质和用途,知道酸碱的腐蚀性

三(一) 2. 能从组成上识别氧化物 3. 能从元素组成上认识氧化物

5. 知道无机化合物可以分成氧化物、酸、碱、盐

三(三) 2. 记住一些常见元素的名称和符号 2. 记住并能正确书写一些常见元素的名称和符号

四(一)

2. 知道物质发生化学变化时伴随有能量变化,认识通过化学反应获得能量的重要性 2.知道物质发生化学变化时伴随有能量变化,认识通过化学反应实现能量转化的重要性

四(三) 2. 能正确书写简单的化学方程式,并进行简单的计算 2. 能正确书写简单的化学方程式

3. 能根据化学反应方程式进行简单的计算

3.降低了一些课程内容的学习要求

《标准(2011版)》严格控制内容的深广度:微观知识主要限于对分子、原子的认识,对离子、电子的具体作用不作要求;元素化学以生活中常见的简单物质为主,不要求建立复杂的知识系统;化学定量要求只涉及有关公式含义的理解和最简单的计算,还降低了一些核心知识对应标准条目的要求(详见表4)。

表4:《标准(2011版)》降低学习水平的内容

主题(单元) 《标准(实验稿)》 《标准(2011版)》

二(一) 2.认识氧气能跟许多物质发生氧化反应 2.知道氧气能跟许多物质发生氧化反应

二(二) 7. 了解结晶现象 7. 能举例说明结晶现象

二(三) 3. 了解从铁矿石中将铁还原出来的方法 3. 知道可用铁矿石炼铁

二(四) 3. 会用酸碱指示剂(酚酞、石蕊)和pH试纸检验溶液的酸碱性”变为 3.了解用酸碱指示剂(酚酞、石蕊)和pH试纸检验溶液酸碱性的方法

四(一) 1. 理解反应现象和本质的联系 1.初步了解化学反应的本质 Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

四(一) 3. 认识催化剂的重要作用 3.知道催化剂对化学反应的重要作用

四(二) 3. 了解人们如何利用化学反应改善和提高自身的生产质量 3.知道利用化学变化可以获得新物质,以适应生活和生产的需要

五(一) 3. 理解水对生命活动的重大意义,认识水是宝贵的自然资源,形成保护水资源和节约用水的意识 3.知道水对生命活动的重大意义,认识水是宝贵的自然资源,树立保护水资源和节约用水的意识

五(三) 2. 了解对生命活动具有重要意义的有机物(如糖、淀粉、油脂、氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素等)”变为“ 2.知道一些对生命活动具有重要意义的有机物(如葡萄糖、淀粉、油脂、蛋白质、维生素

4.更新了主题(单元)的“学习情景素材”。

本次修订从四个视角考虑学习情景素材的更新,即化学、技术与社会的联系;化学在日常生活中的应用;元素化学知识;化学实验情景。每个主题(单元)增加的学习情景素材不仅与时俱进地体现了化学的发展和应用,而且更贴近了实际教学内容,有助于学生更好地理解知识(详见表5)。

表5:《标准(2011版)》新增加的学习情景素材

更新的视角 情景素材实例

从化学、技术与社会的联系的视角 增加了“自来水的生产工艺”,“宇航、潜水的呼吸供氧”,“氮气的用途”,“现代汽车、潜艇、宇宙飞船所用的合金材料的发展”,“氢能源汽车”,“煤矿瓦斯爆炸的预防”,“面粉厂的防爆措施”,“我国能源消耗和化石燃料分布”,“新型陶瓷”,“二氧化硫排放与‘酸雨’”

从化学在日常生活中应用视角 增加了“不锈钢餐具”,“食品中的乳化剂”,“婴儿奶粉中的蛋白质含量”,“硬水对日常生活的影响”,“桂花十里飘香”,“葡萄糖在体内氧化释放能量”,“干电池和充电电池”,“用食醋清洗水瓶中的水垢”。

从元素化学知识的视角 增加了“常见铵态氮肥的性质特点及使用注意事项”,“海水的主要成分”,“铁的几种氧化物”,“人体需要的金属元素和非金属元素”。

从化学实验的视角 增加了“铜片在空气中灼烧后固体质量的变化”,“电解水实验及其微观解释”

同时删去了某些针对性不强的情景素材,如主题二(二)中的“红墨水的纸上层析”、“服装干洗”,主题二(三)中的“制造自来水管材料的变迁”,主题四(一)中的“照相底片的感光”,主题五(四)中的“光化学烟雾”等。

在这些变化中,有三个方面最值得广大教师予以关注:一是强化了学生的实验探究,教师应结合具体教学内容和学校实际积极创造条件,通过多种途径,安排和组织学生至少完成新增的8类学生实验;二是严格控制知识内容的深广度,降低了一些内容标准条目的要求,对开放性较大的某些内容加以一定的限制,化学用语、物质的微观知识和定量计算控制在较低水平的要求上;三是整体降低了实验探究活动的难度,力求保证不同学校都有条件完成实验。

(四)对第四部分“实施建议”的修订

1.对“教学建议”的修订。

根据课程实施的经验和问题《标准(2011版)》重写了教学建议,确立建议新的框架结构。“教学建议”从四个方面11个教学要点,阐述了化学新课程实施中的教学建议,它既包括《标准实验稿》中7条教学建议的内容,又增加了在Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

化学教学实践中给以高度重视的问题,还配备有针对性的教学案例(例4、例5)进行说明,真正体现了“教学建议”的指导功能(详见表6)。

表6:《标准(2011版)》在教学建议部分的变化

《标准(实验稿)》 《标准(2011版)》

(一)从促进学生发展出发制定教学目标

(二)努力创设生动活泼的学习情景

(三)注重科学方法教育,培养学生的探究能力

(四)运用现代信息技术,发挥多种媒体的教学功能

(五)注意贴近学生的生活,联系社会实际

(六)重视学科间的联系,增加跨学科内容

(七)积极进行教学研究,促进化学教学改革 (一)科学设计教学目标,全面发展科学素养

1.全面体现三维目标

2.整体规划教学目标

3.科学设计单元或课时教学目标(例4)

(二)精心设计科学探究活动,加强实验教学

1.精心设计和组织探究活动

2.加强化学实验教学

(三)注意贴近学生的生活,联系社会实际

1.主要贴近学生的生活实际

2.重视学科之间的联系

(四)优化课堂教学过程,提高课堂教学的有效性

1.努力创设真实而有意义的学习情景

2.灵活运用多样化的教学方式和手段

3.有效开展复习和习题教学

4.不断提高教学反思能力

教学目标设计是化学新课程教学中的重要环节,如何在教学设计中体现三维课程目标,科学、准确地表述某一单元或某一课时的教学目标,是长期一来困扰化学教师的突出问题。在建议“(一)”中,强调在全面体现三维目标时“应注意挖掘化学知识中蕴含的科学方法以及情感态度与价值观要素;三个维度目标之间应有机结合,融为一体。”这正好纠正了在当前初中化学新课程教学中,将某单元或某课时的教学目标片面、孤立的从“知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度价值观”三个维度设计教学目标的倾向。

《标准(2011版)》“教学建议”中,新增加(四)优化课堂教学过程,提高课堂教学的有效性”。课堂教学的有效性是近年来广大教师通过对化学教学过程、教学内容、教学方法与教学手段等方面的反思,提出的值得化学教育界广泛关注的问题。如何在化学新课程教学中开展有效教学,提高教学效率与效益,是当前化学教改中迫切需要解决的问题。

2.对“评价建议”的修订。

(1)《标准(2011版)》的“评价建议”,改变了实验稿中从四个方面笼统地阐述化学新课程实施学业评价的建议,从“评价目标的确定”、“评价方式的选择”、“评价标准的设计和使用”、“评价工作的实施”、“评价结果的解释与反馈”等五个方面,对学业评价的内容、方法和途径进行了具体指导(详见表7)。

Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

表7:《标准(2011版)》在评价建议部分的变化

《标准(实验稿)》 《标准(2011版)》

(一)重视学生自我评价对学习活动的促进作用 (一)评价目标的确定

(二)通过活动表现评价学生的探究能力和情感态度与价值观 (二)评价方式的选择

1.纸笔测验

2.活动表现评价

3.建立学习档案

(三)纸笔测验中注重考核学生解决实际问题的能力 (三)评价标准的制定

(四)评价结果可以采用定性报告与等级记分相结合的方式 (四)评价工作的实施

(五)评价结果的解释与反馈

(2)增加教学案例和评价案例,关注可操作性,加强对义务教育阶段化学课程的指导性。修订后的课标为了促进教师对课程标准的正确理解和应用,增加了11个课程指导案例,这是本次修订的另一个亮点。这使广大教师评价学生学业,有了可供学习与参考的基本操作范例。希望通过这些实例,帮助教师更好地理解课程理念和课程目标在具体教学中的体现和落实。

3.对“教材编写建议”的修订。

对原有的建议和要求进行重新审核,特别是结合近几年来义务教育化学教材的使用和资源利用的特点,调整建议的框架结构,提出新的更具有针对性的要求。如增加了“(一)根据课程标准选取核心知识,重视化学基本观念的形成”;增加了“(六)采用生活多样的教材呈现方式,发挥教材的多种教育功能”等。

4.对“课程资源的利用和开发建议”的修订。

根据现实教学中资源开发与利用情况,调整建议的框架结构,提出了8个方面的实用且针对性强的“课程资源的利用和开发建议”,突出化学实验仪器和试剂使用、实验与科学探究实践活动组织、教与学经验的总结等,并增加了有关课程资源开发与利用的一个完整的实例——“山中之宝-石灰石”,使之具有更强的针对性、有效性和前瞻性。

三、《标准(实验稿)》主要教学问题及《标准(2011年版)》实施建议

《标准(实验稿)》实施十年来,全省化学教学发生了可喜变化,新课程理念得到确立,教学方式发生了转变,教学质量全面提升。然而,调研结果表明,在实施《标准(实验稿)》教学中也存在着不少问题。为全面落实《标准(2011年版)》,深入推动化学新课程,针对《标准(实验稿)》教学中存在的主要问题,就如何更好的实施《标准(2011年版)》提出一些对策与建议。

1.认真学习研究《标准(2011年版)》,坚持以《课程标准》指导教学。

(1)存在主要问题:2001年《标准(实验稿)》颁布后,绝大多数教师能够积极学习课标,并努力按课标要求进行教学。但是,也存在着很多课标使用不到位的情况:

?对课标重要性认识不足,有的学校未给教师配发课标,教师也不主动想办法寻找,课标成了可有可无的东西。有些教师只是在培训时看过课标,在平时教学中从来不看课标;

?对课标理解不够,一些教师对课标学习不深,理解不够。对课标倡导的新课程理念似懂非懂,对课标思想、思路、内容标准、教学要求等一知半解,对从Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

《大纲》到《标准(实验稿)》变化过程中,删掉了哪些内容,增加了哪些内容,哪些内容降低了教学要求等等,知之甚少;

?课标要求落实不到位,不少教师在教学中未能做到以课标指导教学,要么按教参教辅备课,要么凭经验教学,常常把课标置之一边。对课标提供的“案例”与“情境素材”很少借鉴运用,对课标提出的“活动与探究建议”及“实施建议”也很少落实。因而出现教学中随意拓宽加深知识内容,拔高教学要求,加重学生课业负担等脱离课标教学情况。

(2)实施建议:针对上述问题,对学习《标准(2011年版)》,并坚持以之指导教学提出如下建议:

?牢固树立课标意识。《标准(2011年版)》规定了化学课程的性质与目标、内容与标准,提出了设计思路、课程理念及实施建议,是化学新课程纲领性文件,对化学教学具有重要的指导性,是教学的出发点和落脚点。因此,广大教师务必牢固树立课标意识,始终坚持依据课标指导教学;

?仔细领会课标要求。课标要达到人手一册,确保教师有课标可学。要分层组织课标研训活动,充分发挥骨干教师研究学习课标的引领作用。要有效利用校本研修活动,认真开展课标学习研讨、交流活动,对课标重点、难点,要逐段逐句细细品味,用心感悟课标真意。如为什么要从原子、分子的水平上阐释化学的定义,为什么要把义务教育化学课程的主旨定位于提高学生的科学素养,三维课程目标有什么实践意义和价值,怎样才能把实验教学和科学探究活动落到实处,等等。通过深入学习,全体教师都要全面领会课标精神,准确把握课标要求;

?坚决落实课标。广大教师要把《标准(2011年版)》自觉地贯彻落实到教学实践中,而且要做到态度坚决,不打折扣。要以课标确定教学目标、选定教学内容、选择教学方法、组织教学评价,将课标要求贯穿于教学始终。如怎样用好课标进行备课,教师不妨开展“四问备课”:一问本章(节、课时)的知识和技能涉及课程标准中哪些一级主题和二级主题;二问这些知识和技能的具体目标要求是什么,三问课程标准中针对这些知识和技能提供了哪些“活动与探究建议”及“教学情景素材”,四问备课中遇到的困惑能否从课程标准提供的“案例”和“实施建议”中直接或间接找到答案。如此坚持“四问备课”,必能发挥课标在备课中的有效指导作用,实现在课标指导下的科学备课与有效教学。

2.突出实验为主的科学探究,坚持以提高学生创新能力为重点。

(1)存在主要问题:随着《标准(实验稿)》的实施,以实验为主的科学探究教学,在化学教学中逐步展开。然而,实际的实验为主的探究教学,并未达到《课标》的预期,还存在着许多问题。

?部分教师没有充分认识科学探究,对于培养学生创新精神与创新能力的独特价值;

?大多数教师虽然认识到科学探究对改变学生的学习方式,培养学生的创新精神有着非常重要的作用,但面对实验室条件不足、实验仪器药品匮乏以及班额大等困难,便显得束手无策,有心动少行动,所以开展实验为主的科学探究实践不够;

?探究活动形式单一,部分教师认为只有做实验才算探究,实际上实验只是探究的一种形式,探究活动还包括问题探究、调查活动探究等;

?由于《标准(实验稿)》没有明确区分学生实验和教师演示实验,一些教师因为学生实验准备难,或是考虑安全性问题,就常常把一些有条件而且学生能做的实验改成教师演示实验。因此,学生进行实验、开展探究活动的机会并不多,Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

实验教学弱化的现象还很普遍;

?以计算机模拟替代学生实验的现象有蔓延的趋势;

?科学探究不能与生产、生活相联系;

(2)实施建议:面对以上问题,对如何突出实验为主的科学探究,坚持以提高学生创新能力为重点的新课程教学,提出以下建议:

?增进对科学探究的理解。通过对《标准(2011版)》的学习,教师要增进对科学探究的理解,深刻认识科学探究既是学习的内容目标,又是学习的方式;

?发展科学探究能力。《标准(2011版)》对科学探究的8个要素(提出问题、猜想与假设、制订计划、进行实验、收集证据、解释与结论、反思与评价、表达与交流),提出了具体的目标要求,教师应将其灵活运用到具体的实验探究教学之中,通过引导学生开展生动有趣的实验探究活动,促使学生科学探究能力的发展;

?学习基本的实验技能。化学实验是进行科学探究的重要方式,学生具备基本的化学实验技能是学习化学和进行探究活动的基本保证。《标准(2011版)》明确提出了7项基本的实验技能〔详见《标准(2011年版)》P11-P12〕,教师必须引导学生,坚持动手实验操作,熟练掌握这7项基本实验技能,为顺利进行科学探究奠定基础;

?完成基础的学生实验。学习和运用化学实验技能和科学探究方法,离不开实验活动。《标准(2011版)》明确列出了8种基础的学生实验〔详见《标准(2011年版)》P12〕。这8种实验,是义务教育阶段学生至少要完成的基础性试验,不论有多少困难,教师都必须积极创造条件,通过多种途径让学生动手完成;

?亲历探究活动。科学探究学习目标的实现,必须让学生亲身经历丰富的探究活动。教师应根据实际情况,对探究要素和难度做适当的调整,目的是让所有学生都能参与探究,让更多的学生获得真实的科学探究体验;

?广泛联系生产生活实际。通过家庭小实验、课外社会实践活动,丰富实验教学,拓宽探究途径;

?加强学科渗透。教师要引导学生学会学科联系与渗透,将其他学科的科学探究与化学科学探究融合起来,形成科学探究学习的合力;

?开展探究学习评价。科学探究既作为学习的方式,又作为学习的内容和目标,必须落实在其他各主题的学习中,不宜孤立的进行探究方法的训练。对科学探究学习的评价,应侧重考查学生在探究活动中的实际表现。通过评价激励学生进行科学探究,并通过不断纠正,引导学生走上科学探究学习之路。

3.准确把握课程内容,坚持以“标准”尺度进行教学。

(1)存在主要问题:在化学新课程教学中,许多教师能够以课标为依据,按照课标规定的课程内容“标准”进行教学。但是,也存在不少偏离课程内容“标准”教学的情况。

?随意拓宽教学内容,拔高教学难度。一些教师在教学中不认真研究课程内容,对每个二级主题的“标准”不清楚,因而在教学中出现“容量加大”和“水平提高”的现象;

?盲目赶进度,造成“夹生饭”。一些教师为了足够的复习时间,拼命挤压新课教学时间,常常把需要两个学期完成的新课内容,挤在九年级第一学期学完,造成了化学教学中的“夹生饭”问题,也加快了学生化学学习“两极分化”的形成;

?抛开课标,让教辅读物牵着鼻子走。一些教师在备课、上课及测验命题时,Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

把课标放置一边,全部依赖教辅读物,出现了严重的教学偏差,课程标准中明确不作要求的一系列内容(如:删去电离的概念,溶解度的计算等)仍然出现在课堂教学和平时测验中。

(2)实施建议:针对以上问题,就如何准确把握课程内容,坚持以“标准”尺度进行教学,提出下列建议:

?准确把握课程内容。针对学生学习负担过重的现实,本次修订坚持“不扩充内容,不提高要求”的原则,对知识内容进行了删减,内容要求有所下降。对后续的教材修订,也明确提出“减负”的要求。《标准(2011版)》规定的课程内容包括5个一级主题,和19个二级主题〔详见《标准(2011年版)》P8〕,教师要认真研读,准确把握;

?严格按照“标准”尺度进行教学。《标准(2011版)》对课程内容的19个二级主题,都从“标准”及“活动与探究建议”两个维度对学习内容加以说明。“标准”规定了学习本课程所要求达到的最基本的学习要求,是教学的基本尺度与准则。教师要结合自己的教学实际,坚持以“标准”尺度进行教学,并合理调整日常教学进度,控制好教学的难度。

Wang Department responsible for the pro-democracy movement the Han Chang Yan Tomb. He used to work, wide exposure to four rural peasants, to publicize Japanese thought, and to establish the perimeter of the party organization "Jiangnan anti-Japanese guerrilla people salvation." East water village Shen Yingjie, also participated in the Organization and served as team leader. August Zhu Xi Nan Xun Kang Wang, also has made a night attack bridge Japanese defenders, and the Eastern attack zhenze traitors was the puppet command, enemy steamer and seized a large quantity of firearms, ammunition, supplies and file photos of victory. That same month, Zhu Wang achieved in deqing, Wu Kang border forces also recovered "three mountains" (Hui shan, Shan, dry mountain) victory. In September, the second guerrilla Brigade of the Communist Party Member Wen Yongzhi as captain of Wuxing County about 150 guns, to shake off the annexation of the Wuxing County Government, and he demanded, Zhejiang Province, Lin Jie Xu knows delegate to the West to lead. Decided to Jie Xu with the reputation of the identity of the Chinese Communist Party, Xu Jin talks with Zhu Xi, Zhu Bucheng Brigade of temperature programmed. Zhu Xi, agreed. Thus, cleaning party members into the Zhu Xi forces, such as Xu, Xu by superiors and sent to party members after all. In October, party group, Xu cleaning team leader, directly under the leadership of CPC Zhejiang Provincial Committee. Party groups actively working, restored Han chang and others from the party. Help Zhu Xi established the Department and strengthen youth service corps, the establishment of women"s team, run training courses in rotation drawn the officers and men of the Regiment, group. Strengthening the political and ideological education of officers and men, advocacy and national salvation movement aim to inspire soldiers

义务教育课程新标准学习体会篇3

义务教育课程设置标准


义务教育课程设置标准

课程门类

九年总课时

各类课程课时占总课时的百分比

国家规定的九年课时总计比例

道德与法治

3

3

2

2

696

%

7%—9%

品德与社会

2

2

2

2

思想品德

2

历史

2

2

1

313

%

3%—4%

地理

2

2

科学

1

1

2

2

3

3

863

%

7%—9%

生物

3

2

物理

2

3

化学

3

语文

8

8

7

7

6

6

5

5

5

1985

%

20%—22%

数学

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

1425

%

13%—15%

外语

2

2

3

3

4

4

4

762

8%

6%—8%

体育

4

4

3

3

3

3

939

%

10%—11%

体育与健康

3

3

3

音乐

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

906

%

9%—11%

美术

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

综合实践活动

6

6

6

6

6

5

6

1633

%

16—20%

地方与学校课程

2

2

周总课时

26

26

30

30

30

30

34

34

34

9522

100%

学年总课时

910

910

1050

1050

1050

1050

1190

1190

1122

综合实践活动主要包括:信息技术教育、研究性学习、社区服务与社会实践以及劳动与技术教育。

班团队课、生命安全教育、心理健康教育在地方与学校课程中开设。

按教育部文件规定,小学一二年级每周开设一节科学课。2017年秋季学期,一年级每周开设一节科学课;
二年级按原设置保持不变。2018年秋季学期按此设置开课。如教育部或者省教育厅有新的规定,按上级文件规定执行。

推荐访问:学习体会 新标准 教育课程 义务教育课程新标准学习体会 义务教育课程新标准学习体会 义务教育新课程标准心得体会

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